Tm: YAG
Description
Tm: YAG operating on the 3H4 –3H6 transition in the 0.82 μm wavelength range. It can be pumped with efficient diode lasers in the 0.78 – 0.8 μm wavelength range. The transition has a small quantum defect for low thermal dissipation. The upper state lifetimes can be long, on the order of a millisecond for good energy storage. It also has sufficient gain bandwidth to support sub-ps-long pulses depending on the host material and temperature of operation. Compared with the single-crystal material, the transparent ceramic materials combine the advantages of single crystals and glasses. The transparent ceramic materials are fabricated by solid-state reaction and vacuum sintering. So, they not only possess good optical and thermal properties as fine as single crystals but also can be fabricated with large size, high concentration. Furthermore, they also have other superiorities, such as a short fabrication period, less cost, and multifunctional samples.
Application
Radar and Ranging
2000nm laser
Medical Applications
2000nm laser
Feature
- High quantum efficiency
- High efficiency with LD pump
- Long upper state lifetime
- Sufficient gain bandwidth
- Small quantum defect
- High damage threshold
Reference
| A modified model for the LD pumped 2μm Tm:YAG laser: Thermal behavior and laser performance Optics Communications,Volume 332,50014,Pages 332-338 |
| A simple method to estimate the thermal focal length of LD-end-pumped Tm:YAG crystal at room temperature Optik,Volume 126, Issue 13,50015,Pages 1300-1302 |
| A theoretical and experimental investigation for wavelength switchable TmYAG laser modulated by Tm:YAG crystal length Optics & Laser Technology,Volume 68,50015,Pages 18-22 |
| A Tm:YAG laser for optical frequency measurements: mixing 148 THz light with CO2 laser radiation Optics Communications,Volume 140, Issues 1–3,49997,Pages 45-48 |
| A tunable dual frequency Tm:YAG laser Optics Communications,Volume 190, Issues 1–6,50001,Pages 303-307 |
| An efficient, diode-pumped, 2 μm Tm:YAG waveguide laser Optics Communications,Volume 142, Issues 4–6,49997,Pages 239-243 |
| Diode-end-pumped linear-polarized single-frequency Tm:YAG laser at room temperature Optics Communications,Volume 283, Issue 1,50010,Pages 93-97 |
| Efficient high-power Tm:YAG laser at 2 μm, end-pumped by a diode bar Optics Communications,Volume 154, Issues 1–3,49998,Pages 35-38 |
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| Flash-lamp pumped normal-mode and Q-switched Cr–Tm:YAG laser performance at room temperature Optics Communications,Volume 164, Issues 1–3,49999,Pages 63-67 |
| Growth and spectral properties of Yb,Tm:YAG crystal Journal of Alloys and Compounds,Volume 462, Issues 1–2,50008,Pages 347-350 |
| High average power of Q-switched Tm:YAG slab laser Optics Communications,Volume 372,50016,Pages 241-244 |
| High-power single-longitudinal-mode operation of Tm:YAG laser using Fabry–Perot etalons and volume Bragg grating Optics Communications,Volume 285, Issues 10–11,50012,Pages 2693-2696 |
| Infrared to visible upconversion fluorescence in Yb,Tm:YAG single crystal Optics Communications,Volume 272, Issue 1,50007,Pages 182-185 |
| Injection-seeded Tm:YAG laser at room temperature Optics Communications,Volume 284, Issue 4,50011,Pages 994-998 |
| Light storage protocols in Tm:YAG Journal of Luminescence,Volume 130, Issue 9,50010,Pages 1572-1578 |
| Measurement of output characteristics of Tm:YAG laser at 25–300K Optics Communications,Volume 334,50015,Pages 118-121 |
| Multi-Gigahertz radar range processing of baseband and RF carrier modulated signals in Tm:YAG Journal of Luminescence,Volume 107, Issues 1–4,50004,Pages 62-74 |
| Optical investigation of nuclear spin coherence in Tm:YAG Solid State Sciences,Volume 10, Issue 10,50008,Pages 1374-1378 |
| Precipitation of Tm2O3 nanopowders for application in reactive sintering of Tm:YAG Ceramics International,Volume 40, Issue 7, Part B,50014,Pages 10269-10274 |
| Pulsed and cw Cr,Tm:YAG laser with simultaneous diode and flashlamp excitation Optics & Laser Technology,Volume 37, Issue 7,50005,Pages 570-576 |
| Pulse-diode-intermittent-pumped 2-µm acousto-optically Q-switched Tm:YAG laser Infrared Physics & Technology,Volume 96,50019,Pages 151-154 |
| Scandium doped Tm:YAG ceramics and single crystals: Coherent and high resolution spectroscopy Journal of Luminescence,Volume 194,50018,Pages 116-122 |
| Thermal effect and laser characteristics of LD end-pumped CW Tm:YAG laser at room temperature Optik,Volume 140,50017,Pages 356-362 |
News
Parameter
| Tm Concentration Tolerance (atm%) | Tm:0.5~5at% |
| Orientation | [111]，<5º |
| Parallelism | ≤10″ |
| Perpendicularity | ≤5′ |
| Surface Quality | 10-5 (MIL-O-13830A) |
| Wavefront Distortion | ≤ 0.125λ/25 mm @632.8nm |
| Surface Flatness | λ/[email protected] |
| Clear Aperture | >95% |
| Chamfer | 0.15±0.05mm |
| Size | D: 2~10mm，L: 3~150mm |
| Coatings | AR: ≤0.25% @2μm |
| Crystal Structure | Cubic |
| Lattice Constants | 12.01 Å |
| Density | 4.56±0.04g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1970℃ |
| Thermal Conductivity /W/m/[email protected]℃ | 14W/m/[email protected]℃; 10.5W/m/[email protected]℃ |
| Specific Heat (J/g. cm3@0-20℃) | 0.59 |
| Thermal Optical Coefficient(dn/dT) | 7.3×10-6/K |
| Thermal Expansion | [100]: 8.2×10-6/[email protected]~250℃ |
| [110]: 7.7×10-6/[email protected]~250℃ | |
| [111]: 7.8×10-6/[email protected]~250℃ | |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Young`s Modulus | 3.17×104Kg/mm2 |
| Shear Modulus | 310GPa |
| Extinction Ratio | ≥ 25dB @632.8nm |
| Tensile Strength/Gpa | 0.13~0.26 |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ordinary acids |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.25 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 790W/m |
| Laser Transition | 3F4→3H6 |
| Laser Wavelength | 1.87~2.16μm |
| Temperature Dependence of Refractive Index | 7.3 10-6/K |
| Absorption Cross Section | 7.5×10-21cm2 |
| Diode Pump Band | 785nm, 680nm |
| Emission Cross [email protected] | 2.9×10-20 cm2 |
| Fluorescence Lifetime | 11ms |
| Refractive Index @632nm | 1.83 |
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