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BBO Crystal (β-BaB2O4)

BBO Nonlinear Crystal
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As one of the most important nonlinear optical crystals, beta-barium borate (β-BaB2O4，β-BBO) combines many outstanding features such as its high nonlinear optical coefficients, low group-velocity dispersion, broad transparency range (189–3500 nm) and high damage threshold. This unique combination ensures β-BBO crystal a promising candidate for a wide range of nonlinear optical applications such as frequency converters and optical parametric oscillators. In the realm of quantum optics, β-BBO crystal can be used to generate entangled photon pairs and ten-photon entanglement.

β-BBO Nonlinear Crystal—a widely used nonlinear crystal for frequency conversion in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared

BBO is a negative uniaxial crystal, which provides phase matching for various second-order interactions almost over its entire transparency range (from 185 nm to 3.3 µm, as deduced from the transmittance measurements using crystal samples of several mm thickness), making it a widely used crystal for nonlinear frequency conversion in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared. In that regard, BBO is the most important nonlinear crystal for near infrared optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers, which currently deliver few optical cycle pulses with high average and ultrahigh peak powers.

Parameter

PropertyValue
Chemical formulaBaB2O4
Crystal structuretrigonal, 3m
Lattice Parametera=b=12.532Å,c=12.717Å, Z=6
Mass density3.85 g/cm3
Moh hardness4
Melting pointAbout 1095°C
Thermal conductivity1.2 W/m/K (⊥c); 1.6 W/m/K (//c)
Thermal expansion coefficientα,4×10-6/K; c,36×10-6/K
Birefringencenegative uniaxial
PropertyValue
Transparency Range189 – 3500 nm
Absorption Coefficientα<0.1%/cm @1064nm
RefractiveIndices 

at 1.0642 μm

at 0.5321 μm

at 0.2660 μm

ne = 1.5425, no = 1.6551

ne = 1.5555, no = 1.6749

ne = 1.6146, no = 1.7571

Sellmeier Equations(λ in μm)

no2(λ) = 2.7359+0.01878/(λ2-0.01822)-0.01354λ2

ne2(λ) = 2.3753+0.01224/(λ2-0.01667)-0.01516λ2

PropertyValue
SHG Phase Matchable Range409.6 ∼ 3500nm (Type I); 525 ∼ 3500nm (TypeII)
NLO coefficientsd11= 5.8 x d36(KDP); d31 = 0.05 x d11; d22< 0.05 x d11
deff(I)=d31sinθ+ (d11cos3φ – d22sin3φ)cosθ
deff(II)=(d11sin3φ+ d22cos3θ)cos2θ
Therm-Optic Coefficientsdno/dT = – 9.3 x 10-6/◦C
dne/dT = -16.6 x 10-6/◦C
Electro-Optic Coefficientsg11= 2.7 pm/V, g22, g31< 0.1 g11
Half-Wave Voltage48 KV (at 1064 nm)
Damage Threshold　
 at 1.064 μm5 GW/cm2 (10 ns); 10 GW/cm2 (1.3 ns)
 at 0.532 μm1 GW/cm2 (10 ns); 7 GW/cm2 (250 ps)
λ[µm]α [cm-1]Note
0.19341.39T =295K
0.29T =91K
0.213<0.21best crystals
0.2640.04±0.01||c
0.06±0.003⊥c, o-wave
0.10±0.003⊥c, e-wave
0.2661<0.17best crystals
0.04–0.15 
0.53210.01 
<0.01 
10.001–0.002 
1.0642<0.001 
2.090.0085e-wave
0.07o-wave
2.550.5 
λ[µm]τp [ns]β×1011[cm/W]Note
0.2110.0009243±85 θ =30◦, φ =0◦
0.2640.0008 93±33 θ =30◦, φ =0◦
0.0002268±6||c
 66±7⊥c, o-wave
 47±5⊥c, e-wave
0.000261θ =48°
0.26610.01590±10||c
0.35470.0171.0±0.2||c
λ[µm]none
0.404661.692671.56796
0.435831.686791.56376
0.467821.681981.56024
0.479991.680441.55914
0.508581.677221.55691
0.546071.673761.55465
0.579071.671311.55298
0.589301.670491.55247
0.643851.667361.55012
0.818901.660661.54589
0.852121.659691.54542
0.894351.658621.54469
1.014001.656081.54333
λ[µm]γ×1015[cm2/W]Note
0.26610.025±0.008||c
0.35470.36±0.08||c
0.53210.55±0.10||c
0.780.40±0.05[100] direction
0.32±0.05[010] direction
0.850.37 ±0.06θ =29.2˚, φ =0◦
1.06420.29 ±0.05||c
Interacting wavelengths[μm]  θexp [deg]

SHG, o+o ⇒ e

 
0.4096⇒0.204890
0.41⇒0.2090
0.41152⇒0.2057682.8
0.41546⇒0.2077379.2
0.418⇒0.20977.3
0.429⇒0.214571
0.4765⇒0.2382557
0.488⇒0.24454.5
0.4965⇒0.2482552.5
0.5106⇒0.255350/50.6
0.5145⇒0.2572549.5
0.5321⇒0.2660547.3/47.5/47.6/48
0.589⇒0.294541.5
0.604⇒0.30240
0.6156⇒0.307839
0.616⇒0.30838
0.70946⇒0.3547332.9/33/33.1/33.3/33.7
0.78⇒0.3931/30
0.8⇒0.426.5
0.946⇒0.47324.9
1.0642⇒0.532122.7/22.8

SFG, o+o ⇒ e

 
0.73865+0.25725⇒0.190881.7
0.72747+0.26325⇒0.193376
0.5922+0.2961⇒0.197488
0.5964+0.2982⇒0.198882.5
0.5991+0.29955⇒0.199780
0.60465+0.30233⇒0.2015576.2
0.5321+0.32561⇒0.20283.9
0.6099+0.30495⇒0.203373.5
0.5321+0.34691⇒0.2171.9
0.7736+0.25787⇒0.193470.7
0.5321+0.35473⇒0.2128470
0.51567+0.38675⇒0.22164.7
0.804+0.268⇒0.20164
0.75+0.375⇒0.2561.7
1.0642+0.26605⇒0.2128451.1
0.78+0.373⇒0.252347.4
1.0642+0.298⇒0.2328146.1
0.5782+0.5106⇒0.2711546
0.59099+0.5321⇒0.2844.7
0.78+0.43⇒0.277243.4
1.0642+0.35473⇒0.2660540.2
1.0641+0.53205⇒0.354731.3
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547331.1/31.3/31.4
2.68823+0.5712⇒0.471121.8
1.41831+1.0642⇒0.60821

SHG, e+o ⇒ e

 
0.5321⇒0.2660581
0.70946⇒0.3547348/48.1
1.0642⇒0.532131.6/32.4/32.7/32.9

SFG, e+o ⇒ e

 
1.0642+0.35473⇒0.2660546.6
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547338.4/38.5

SFG, o+e ⇒ e

 
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547359.8
Interacting wavelengths[μm] θpm [deg]Δθint [deg]ΔT [℃] Δν[cm-1]
SHG, o+o ⇒ e
1.0642⇒0.532122.80.021379.7
22.70.0351　
0.5321⇒0.2660547.30.014　
0.53⇒0.26547.6(298K)0.006　　
SFG, o+o ⇒ e　　　　
1.0641+0.53205⇒0.354731.30.011　　
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547331.10.01516　
2.44702+0.5712⇒0.463122.10.026　　
2.68823+0.5712⇒0.471121.80.028　　
SHG, e+o ⇒ e　　　　
1.0642⇒0.532132.70.034　8.8
32.40.04637　
SFG, e+o ⇒ e　　　　
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547338.40.0213　
SFG, o+e ⇒ e　　　　
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547358.40.0512　
Interacting wavelengths[μm]  θpm [deg]dθpm/dT[deg/K]
SHG, o+o ⇒ e　　
0.5321⇒0.2660547.30.0025
1.0642⇒0.532122.70.00057
SFG, o+o ⇒ e　　
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547331.10.00099
SHG, e+o ⇒ e　　
1.0642⇒0.532132.40.0012
SFG, e+o ⇒ e 　　
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547338.40.0015
SFG, o+e ⇒ e　　
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547358.40.00421
Interacting wavelengths[μm]θpm [deg]β[fs/mm]
SHG, o+o ⇒ e  
1.2⇒0.621.1854
1.1⇒0.5522.2876
1.0⇒0.523.85104
0.9⇒0.4526.07141
0.8⇒0.429.18194
0.7⇒0.3533.65275
0.6⇒0.340.47415
1.0642+0.5321⇒0.3547338.40.0015
SHG, e+o ⇒ e  
1.2⇒0.629.91103
1.1⇒0.5531.46130
1.0⇒0.533.73164
0.9⇒0.4536.98210
0.8⇒0.441.67276
0.7⇒0.3548.74373
0.6⇒0.360.91531
λ[µm]τp[ns]Ithr[GW/cm2]Note
0.2661100.310Hz
  8>0.12 
 2grown by Czochralski method (CZ-BBO)
 3grown by flux method (flux-BBO)
 3.4CZ-BBO, annealed at 1193K (50 hours)
0.30812>0.2 
0.3547100.910Hz
8251pulse
 191800pulses
0.03>0.410Hz
0.015>3 
0.40.0002>15010Hz
0.510620>0.254kHz
0.51–0.582010 
0.5145CW>0.0004 
0.5321102.310Hz
8481pulse
 321800pulses
0.620.0002>50 
0.69430.0210 
0.80.000025>34001–5kHz
0.850.00025>931kHz
1.0540.00550 
1.064214501pulse
 231800pulses
104.510Hz
λ[µm]τp[ns]Ithr[GW/cm2]Note
0.266100.1510Hz
0.355100.5010Hz
0.51–0.582014–14kHz
0.532101.310Hz
1.064102.610Hz
Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient
T [K]αt×106[K-1],||cαt×106[K-1],⊥c
2930.36-2.54
Mean Value of Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient
T [K]αt×106[K-1],||cαt×106[K-1],⊥c
298-1173364
Specific Heat Capacity  at P =0.101325MPa
T [K]cp[J/kgK] 
298490/496 
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient
K[W/mK] ,||cK[W/mK] ,⊥c 
0.80.08 
1.61.2 
BBO Transmission SpectrumSHG tuning curves of BBO
OPO tuning curves of BBO  (TypeI (ooe))with different pump light, namely 530 nm, 355 nm and 266 nmOPO tuning curves of BBO (TypeII (eoe))with different pump light, namely 530 nm, 355 nm and 266 nm
  • The range of transmission is from 190 nm to 3500nm
  • Good physical properties
  • Appropriate mechanical properties
  • Effective SHG(Second-harmonic generation) coefficient is large
  • Damage threshold of 100 ps pulse with 10 J/cm2 at 1064 nm
  • The range of phase matching is large from 409.6 nm to 3500nm
  • Temperature bandwidth is about 55℃
  • Optical homogeneity is high:δn≈10-6/cm
Theoretical investigation of phase-mismatched second-harmonic conversion efficiency in BBO crystal
Optik Volume 161, May 2018, Pages 196-203
Characterization of nonlinear optical parameters of KDP, LiNbO3 and BBO crystals
Optics Communications Volume 229, Issues 1–6, 2 January 2004, Pages 403-412
Characterization of nonlinear refractive indices of KDP, KTP, LiNBO3and BBO crystals at 1064 nm and 532 nm
CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003. The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8671)
Nonlinear LBO and BBO crystals for extreme light sources
2010 International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers
Sum and difference frequency generation of white light continuum with the ps pulses of Nd3+:YAG laser in a thick BBO crystal
Optics Communications Volume 278, Issue 1, 1 October 2007, Pages 175-179
Consideration of angular acceptance angle in BBO crystal on a highly efficient second harmonic generation
Optics & Laser Technology Volume 30, Issues 3–4, April–June 1998, Pages 189-192
Generation of 125 mW frequency stabilized continuous-wave tunable laser light at 295 nm by frequency doubling in a BBO crystal
Optics Communications Volume 213, Issues 4–6, 1 December 2002, Pages 347-350
210 nm ultraviolet generation using blue-violet laser diode and BBO SHG crystal
CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003. The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8671)
Observation of second harmonic generations from x-cut BBO whispering gallery mode resonators
IEEE Photonics Conference 2012
1.3 Waverage power at 255 nm by second harmonic generation in BBO pumped by a copper HyBrID laser
Optics Communications Volume 132, Issues 3–4, 1 December 1996, Pages 302-306

 

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2*5*20Z-cut, S1,S2:AR(R<0.2% per face)@1000-1060nm;S3,S4:gold plate(thickness: 200 nm)685
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BBO crystal
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BBO Crystal
Size3*3*20mm

BBO Crystal
Size3*3*20mm

Size3*3*20mm
Coating:AR/AR@1064nm
Orientation:Z Cut

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